Sacsayhuamán is an archeological site or complex that is situated near the town of Cusco, Peru. It has been on a UNESCO World Heritage Sites List since 1983. This site is located on an altitude of 3,700 m above the sea level. The entire site occupies approximately 3,000 hectares of land.

This is a stone complex that was used for military purposes, It has large walls built of strong stone blocks. The longest wall has about 400 m and it is 6 m high, while it is estimated that the greatest rock has about 300 tonnes of weight. This impressive construction was built without the help of other construction materials, and therefore cement is not present. The technique and the skill of these ancient workers has to be mentioned and remembered. There were located towers and other buildings at the top of the site. Besides the large plaza which was the center of the everyday life and rituals there were also located storage rooms.

There are different theories about the construction of the Sacsayhuamán. The most accepted affirms that the massive stones were dragged with really strong ropes by hundreds of laborers. Since the stones were not fine cut immediately, the laborers would drag them to the place where the stone should go and then they would shape It into their final shape. After that the stones would be positioned in the designated planned place.

Some even mention that there existed some sort of ramps that enabled them to carry the stones from place to place.

There are two Inca sites called the same on the way from Cusco to Machu Picchu, on an Inca trail. Many archaeological investigations and findings helped to know a bit more about the famous Inca culture. The first expeditions to the site called it the ˝ruins of the Inca castle˝. When one of the last rulers of the Inca Manco Inca Yupanqui leaded the Inca people away from the Spaniards he burned all of that in order to prevent or minimize the Spanish strength.

It is important to mention that the conquistadors never found this settlement. It is considered that the Patallacta was the rest stop for the travelers heading to the famous Machu Picchu.

These two Patallacta or Llactapata are very important, famous and beautiful sites that tell their story about the life and customs of the Inca people.

Even today, Inca sites stir the imagination and let the modern man think about the life the tribe led.

Vilcabamba or Espítu Pampa is the Inca city, their last refugee before the Spaniards defeated them. In attempt to save themselves from the Spanish conquistadors and their army they went to the Vilcabamba with the Manco Inca as their ruler at the time. This city was founded in 1539. It was 36 years later, when the Spaniards finally succeeded in their attempt and killed the last Inca ruler, called Tupac Amru. After the Inca Empire ceased to exist, Vilcabamba was burned and forgotten.

This site was rediscovered in the late 19th century by Manuel Ugarte, Manuel Lopez Torres and by Juan Cancio Saavedra. At that period Vilcabamba was called Espíritu Pampa and later on when Hiram Bingham discovered Machu Picchu he thought that it was Machu Picchu the famous Vilcabamba, the last Inca city.

It was discovered late as in the 1960s that the Espiritu Pampa was in fact Vilcabamba and that was further confiremd and more facts were found in the letters found in the museum in Spain. 

Moray is one of the precious archaeological sites left by Incas. It is located some 50 km northwest of Cusco at about 3500 m above the sea level. The nearest town is Maras.

Moray is of unusual circular shape. Once again, this monument testifies the knowledge of the Incas. These circular terraced plateaus built in depressions were positioned in such a way that Incas could observe the wind and the sun and perhaps predicate climatic conditions and how it will reflect on their agriculture.

It is interesting that from the highest to the lowest point there is a temperature difference of about 15 degrees Celsius.
There is one more fact that contributes to the Incas knowledge. The site has an excellent irrigation system which can also be noticed in some other Inca sites.

The majority of tours to Moray part from Cusco.