Emperor Xianfeng (Yining, 奕宁)Ⅱ

In 1856, the second Opium War broke out; the weakening government was forced to agree to the unequal treaties with many foreign powers. Under the influence of the Concubine Yi (懿貴妃, later the Empress Dowager Cixi), believed in Chinese superiority and would not agree to any colonial demands. He delegated Prince Gong for several negotiations that failed to solve any significant problems. On October 18, 1860, the western forces went on to loot and burn the Imperial Summer Palaces of Qingyiyuan(清漪园) and Yuanmingyuan(圆明园). He escaped to Chengde.